YUNNANPUERCHADEPINPAIFAZHANZHILUJIANGRUHE？

　　JINNIANSIYUECHU，YOU60DUORENHE6LIANGCHEZUCHENGDEDUIWUHUSONGZHEYIKUAILAIZIGUGONGBOWUYUANDEBAINIANPUERGONGCHA，CONGBEIJINGZHANZHUANQUANGUOGEDI，SHIPUERCHAREDADAOYIGEXINDEGAOCHAO。YUANBENSUIYOUDIYUNDANMOMOWUWENDEPUERCHAYIDUBIANDEGUANGXIAN，QIHUORECHENGDUDUANQINEICHAOYUELELONGJINGHEBILUOCHUNDENGCHUANTONGMINGCHA。JINNIANLAI，PUERCHAJIAGEKUANGZHANGLESHUSHIBEISHENZHIBAIBEI，CUANHONGSUDUJIHUKEYONG“FENGKUANG”ERZIXINGRONG。SHOUZANGZHEYUELAIYUEDUO，SHENZHIYOUMAIDIAOBAOMACHESHOUGOUPUERCHADE“XINWEN”……RENMENZAIWEIGULAODEPUERCHAZHONGHUANQINGCHUNERXINXIDETONGSHI，YEKAISHIDUIPUERCHADE“FENGKUANG”TICHUZHIYI，BIZHEYEDUIPUERCHATURANZOUHONGDEHUALIWAIBIAOSHENGANYOULV，JIAGEYANZHONGCHAOYUEJIAZHIDEYINGXIAOMOSHIDELUODIJIEGUOYEXUSHEIDOUNENGYULIAODAO，BUZHIDAOPUERCHADANGFUHUATUNJIN、HUIGUIPUTONGCAOGENCHAERDESHIHOU，YINGJIETADESHICHENJI、PINGDANHAISHIMIWANG？

　　YI：ZHUICHASUBEN：NICONGNALILAI？

　　SHIJIESHANGDESANDAYINLIAOCHA、KAFEIHEKEKEDEQIZHONGZHIYIDECHABIANYUANCHANYUWOGUO。TONGSHIWOGUOYESHISHIJIESHANGZUIZAOFAXIANHEZUIZAOLIYONGCHAYEDEGUOJIA。

　　ZAOZAIGONGYUANQIANJISHIJI,ZAIWOGUOKAISHIYOUNONGYEDESHIHOU,JIUYIJINGRENSHICHAYELE,ZHIBUGUONEISHIZHIZHIDAOTADEYAOYONGXINGERBUZHITADEYINYONGJIAZHI。JUKAOZHENG,WOGUOZHISHAOZAI2500NIANYIQIAN,JIUYIJINGKAISHIZAIPEIHEZHICHALE。ZAISANGUOSHIQI,JIANGNANYIDAIYIYOUYINCHADEXIGUAN;WEIJINNANBEICHAOSHI,YIYONGCHALAIKUANDAIKEREN,BINGYIYOUCHAWENXUEDEXINGQIHEFAZHAN;DAOTANGCHAOSHI,JIUYIYOULEZHUANMENDECHAGUANLE。SHIJIESHANGDIYIBUGUANYUCHADEZHUZUO《CHAJING》,JIUSHILUYUZAITANGCHAOWANCHENGDE。《CHAJING》ZHONGLUNSHULECHADEQIYUAN、ZHONGLEI、TEXING、ZHIFA、PENGJIAN、CHAJU、SHUIDEPINDI、YINCHAFENGSU,MINGCHACHANDIYIJIYOUGUANCHADEDIANGUHEYONGCHADEYAOFANGDENG。SHIDANGSHIGUANYUCHADEZUIQUANWEIDEZHUZUO。

　　CHAYEBEICHUANZHIGUOWAI,ZUIZAOSHIZAIWOGUODINGSHENGSHIQIDETANGDAI。YIGERIBENSENGRENCONGZHONGGUOBACHAZIDAIHUIRIBENDEHEZIXIAN,BINGJINXINGZHONGZHI,CIHOUCHABIANZAIRIBENSHENTOUJINRUTAMENDERICHANGSHENGHUOZHIZHONG;DAO16SHIJIPUTAOYARENJIUJIANGCHAYEDAIDAOOUZHOU,NEISHIOUZHOURENZHIBACHAYEDANGZUOBIAOBENBAOCUN,HAIBUCENGLIYONG,HOULAIZAIOUZHOUCHENGWEILEXIHANDEZHENGUIYINLIAO;1600NIAN,EGUORENBOBOFUMIMITOUYUNCHAYEZHONG,BINGZAIEGUOKAIPILECHAYUAN。1684NIAN,YINDUNIXIYACONGWOGUOSHURUCHAZI,KAISHIZHONGZHICHASHU;1780NIAN,CHADEZHIFACHUANRUYINDU,1893NIANCHUANRUSILILANKA。CIHOUSUIZHEJIAOTONGDEFAZHAN,CHAYEJIANJIANDICHUANDAOLESHIJIEGEDI。19SHIJIZHONGYE,YINGGUORENWOFUQING(r.fortune)4CILAIZHONGGUOXUEXIZHONGCHAZHICHAJISHU,CONGCIOUZHOURENCAIZHIDAOHONGCHAHELVCHAZHISHIZHIZUOFANGFABUTONGERYI,BINGBUSHILIANGZHONGZHIWU。SHIZHIJINRI,YINDUHESILILANKAZHEILIANGGEGUOJIADECHUKOUDECHAYEYIDADACHAOGUOLEWOGUO,CHENGWEIWOGUOCHAYEWAIMAOZHONGDEJINGDI。

　　CHASHUSHISHANCHAKESHANCHASHUDEZHIWU,WEICHANGLVGUANMUHUOXIAOQIAOMU;YEGEZHI,YOUJUCHI;HUALIANGXING,EPIAN5—6,YOUBAOPIANJIANCIBIANWEIHUABAN,XIONGRUIDUOSHU;HUABAISE,SHUOGUO。ZAIZHANGJIANGLIUYUJIZHANGJIANGYINANGEDIGUANGFANZAIPEI。

　　ZAISHANCHASHUZHEIGEJIAZUZHONG,QUANSHIJIEGONGYOU220ZHONG,ERWOGUOJIUYONGYOU190ZHONGZHIDUO。YINCI,WOGUOSHIQUANSHIJIESHANCHASHUZHONGZHIWUZHONGLEIZUIDUODEGUOJIA。ERYUNNANSHENGYOUHUIJILEWOGUODADUOSHUDECHASHUZHONGLEIHEPINZHONG,SUOYIYUNNANYOU“YUNNANSHANCHAJIATIANXIA”ZHIMEIMING。

　　CHAYEZHONGHANYOUDEYINGYANGWUZHISHIFENFENGFU,YOUWEISHENGSUb、WEISHENGSUc、WEISHENGSUkYIJINIKESUANDENG,CIWAIHAIHANYOUSHENGWUJIANHEDANNING,JUYOUTISHENYANGJING,CUJINXUEYEXUNHUAN,QIANGXIN、LINIAOHEBANGZHUXIAOHUADEGONGNENG。JUSHUOGUOQUCHAYEWEICHUANRUOUZHOUSHI,OUZHOURENZHANGQIZAIHAISHANGHANGXING,HENYIDEBAIXUEBINGERSIQU,HOULAITAMENZAICHUANSHANGHECHA,BUCHONGLETINEIDEWEISHENGSU,GUBUZAIDEBAIXUEBINGLE。KEJIANCHAYEDUIWEIHURENDESHENTIJIANKANGYOUDUOMEZHONGYAO。

　　ZHONGGUOZUIMINGGUIDECHAYE,DANGSHOUTUILONGJINGCHA。LONGJINGCHACHANYUHANGZHOUXIZIHUPANDEXINANQIULINGDIDAI。NEILIQIHOUWENHE、SHIRUN,SHIRANGWEISUANXING,WEILONGJINGCHASHENGCHANTIGONGLEDETIANDUHOUDEZIRANTIAOJIAN。LONGJINGCHAZAIPEILISHIJIUYUAN,ZIYUANDAISHIJIUYICHUMINGLE。LONGJINGCHADEMINGGUIZHICHUZAIYUYISHICHANDIXIAO,CHANLIANGBUDA,ERSHIZHIZAOLONGJINGDECHAYEYAOCAIZICHASHUDINGDUANWEISHUBUDUODEJIGESHANGWEIKAIFANGDEYOUYE。JUSHUOCHAOZHIYIJIN“TEJILONGJING”,XUYAOSANWANDUOGEYOUNENDEYATOU。KEJIANQIZHENGUIZHIJI。LONGJINGCHASEZECUILV,XINGWEIQUESHE,XIANGQINONGYU、WEIGANSHUANGKOU。PINSHANGYIBEI,XINQINGDUNJUEHUORANKAILANG,XINKUANGSHENYIZHIGANCHUANBIANQUANSHEN。

　　CIWAI,CHANYUWOGUOJIANGSUWUXITAIHUZHONGDEDONG、XIDONGTINGSHANSHANGDEBILUOCHUN、NANJINGDEYUHUACHA、“SONGLUOXIANGQIGAILONGJING”DEANHUIXIUNINGDESONGLUOCHA、HUANGSHANDEMAOFENGCHA、“SEXIANGYOUXIBILANHUA”DELUSHANYUNWUCHA、HENANXINYANGDEMAOJIANCHA、YUNNANDEPUERCHAHETUOCHA……DENGDENG,DOUSHIJUSHIZHUMUDEMINGGUIHAOCHA。　　

　　ER：TANXUNPUERCHA：SHENMEDEGANHUO？　　

　　CHANYUYUNNANDEPUERCHA，ZITANGSONGYILAI，JIUSHIZHONGGUOJIUXIANGSHENGYUDECHUANTONGLISHIMINGCHA，CONGGUDIANMINGZHU《HONGLOUMENG》ZHONGMENPUERCHAZHUXIAOHUA，DAOQINGWANGCHAOBEIZUOWEISUISUICHAOGONGHUANGDIDEGONGCHA；CONG20SHIJI70NIANDAIGANG、AO、TAI、HANGUO、RIBENXIANQIDEPUERCHARE，DAOMUQIANZAISHENZHOUDADIHEHENDUOGUOJIAKAISHIPUBIANYINYONG，ZHEIYIQIEDOUYUANZIYUNNANPUERCHADUJUDEMEILI。　　

　　1　PUERCHAYINPUERXIANERDEMING，YICHENGWEIDUJUFENGGEDETEZHONGCHALEI

　　ANCHAYEYICHANDIMINGMINGDEFANGFA，CHANYUPUERXIANDEGEZHONGCHA，DOUKECHENGWEI“PUERCHA”，DANZHEIZHONG“PUERCHA”JINSHIPUERXIANCHANDEGEZHONGCHADETONGCHENG。　

　　PUERXIANSHIZHONGGUOYUNNANSHENGNANBUDEYIGEMINZUZIZHIXIAN，QUANCHENGYUNNANSHENGPUERHANIZUYIZUZIZHIXIAN。PUERZAIXIHANSHISHUYIZHOUAILAODI；DONGHANSHISHUYONGCHANGJUN；TANGNANZHAOSHIQIMINGBURIJIAN；SONGMINGBURIBU；YUANGAIYUANJIANGLU；MINGHONGWUSHILIUNIAN（1383）PUERZHIDIGAIMINGWEIPUER；MING、WANLINIANJIANGAICHENGWEIPUER；QING、YONGZHENGQINIANRUNQIYUE（1729），ZHIPUERFU，ZHIZHIMINGUOERNIANPUERFUCHEXIAO，LISHI184NIAN。MINGUOERNIANQIFEIFUSHEXIAN，BINGJIANGNINGERXIANGAIWEIPUERXIAN。MINGUOLIUNIANFUGAIMINGNINGERXIAN，ZHIZHI1950NIAN。1951NIAN1YUE1RI，NINGERXIANGENGMINGWEIPUERXIAN，YIZHIZHIJIN。PUERCHAMINGYINGSHIZAIMING·HONGWUSHILIUNIAN（1383）YOUPUERDIMINGHOUERDEMING，ZHIJINYIYOULIUBAIDUONIANDELISHI。1799NIAN，QING《TANCUIDIANHAIYUHENGZHI》JUANSHIYIJIZAI：“PUCHAMINGZHONGYUTIANXIA，CHUPUERSUOSHULIUCHASHAN，YIYUEYOULE，ERYUEGEDENG，SANYUEYIBANG，SIYUEMANGZHI，WUYUEMANRUI，LIUYUEMANSA，ZHOUBABAILI，RUSHANZUOCHAZHESHUSHIWANREN，CHAKESHOUMAIYUNYUGECHU。”ZHEIYIJIZAI，JISHULEPUERCHACHANDIHEPUERCHADEMINGDEQINGKUANG。ZAICHAZUZHIWUFENLEIZHONG，PUERCHAYOUSHICHAZUZHIWUDEYIGEZHONGMING，SHIYUNNANFENBUZUIGUANG、ZAIPEIMIANJIZUIDADECHAZUZHIWU，SHIWOGUOZHENGUIDECHASHUZHONGZHIZIYUANCAILIAOZHIYI。　

　　XISHUANGBANNAGULAOCHAQUMENGLAXIANHAIBA1900MIDEKONGMINGSHAN，XIANCUNGAODA9MIDECHASHUDUOZHU，XIANGCHUANSANGUOSHIDAIKONGMINGNANZHENGMING（GONGYUAN225NIAN）YOUSHIBINGMENSAZICHENGCHA。ZHIZHIJINTIAN，DANGDIMINZURENGCHENGCHASHUWEI“KONGMINGCHA”，SHANWEI“KONGMINGSHAN”，ZUNCHENGKONGMINGWEI“CHAZU”。MEINIANJIULIQIYUESHILIURIKONGMINGCHUSHENGZHEITIAN，DANGSHIMINZUYOUJINIANKONGMING，YICHASHANGYUE，FANG“KONGMINGDENG”（YIZHONGZHACHENGXIANGHUANGDIMAOZIDEDENG），TIAOMINZUWUDE“CHAZUHUI”，YICIJINIAN“CHAWANGSHU”。QINGDAOGUANGNIANJIAN《SHANCUIDIANHAIYUHENGZHI》YUN：“CHASHANYOUCHAWANGSHU，BENWUHOU（KONGMING）YIZHONG，ZHIJINYIMINSIZHI”DEJIZAI。ZHEIXIEJIZAIHEBAOCUNXIALAIDEDACHASHUSHUOMING，PUERCHADEZAIPEILIYONGLISHIYUEYOU1700NIANZUOYOU。　

　　2003NIAN3YUE1RISHISHIDE《YUNNANSHENGDIFANGBIAOZHUN》 db53／t103—2003《PUERCHA》ZHONG，GUIFANLEPUERCHADEDINGYI：“PUERCHASHIYIYUNNANSHENGYIDINGQUYUNEIDEYUNNANDAYEZHONGSHAIQINGMAOCHAWEIYUANLIAO，JINGGUOHOUFAJIAOJIAGONGCHENGDESANCHAHEJINYACHA。QIWAIXINGSEZEHEHONG；NEIZHITANGSEHONGNONGMINGLIANG，XIANGQIDUTECHENXIANG，ZIWEICHUNHOUHUIGAN，YEDIHEHONG。”ZHEILIBAOKUOSIFANGMIANDENEIRONG：YISHIYUNNANSHENGYIDINGQUYU，JIJINSIMAO、BANNA、LINCANG、BAOSHAN、DEHONG、DALIDENGDIZHOUDECHANCHAXIAN；ERSHIYIYUNNANDAYEZHONGSHAIQINGMAOCHAWEIYUANLIAO；SANSHIJINGGUOHOUFAJIAO；SISHIJUYOUDUTEDEWAIXINGHENEIZHITEDIAN。YINCI，PUERCHAJINGGUOLECONGYIDIMINGMINGMINGERCHENGWEIJUYOUDUTEWAIXINGHENEIZHITEDIANDETEZHONGCHALEI。YANGEDIJIANG，DAYEZHONGSHAIQINGCHAHEYIQIYAZHICHENGXINGDEGEZHONGJINYACHA，ZAIQIMEIYOUJINGHOUFAJIAOBIANCHENGHONGTANGYIQIAN，SHIBUNENGCHENGZHIWEIPUERCHADE，TAZHISHIZHIZUOPUERCHADEYUANLIAO，SHUYULVCHALEI。ZHIYOUJINGGUOHOUFAJIAO，JUYOUQITEDINGDEWAIXING、NEIZHITEDIANYIHOU，CAINENGCHENGWEIPUERCHA。HOUFAJIAODETUJINGYOULIANGTIAO：YISHIJIANGDAYEZHONGSHAIQINGCHAHEYIQIYAZHICHENGXINGDEGEZHONGJINYACHAZHANGQIZIRANCUNFANG，SHICHAYENEIDECHADUOFENWUZHIHUANMANDEYANGHUABIANCHENGPUERCHA，ZHEIZHONGPUERCHADEBIANHUASHIJIANJIAOZHANG，ZHISHAOZAISHINIANYISHANG，SHENZHIGENGZHANG，ZHEIZHONGZIRANCHENHUADEPUERCHA，ZHILIANGJIAOHAO；DIERZHONGBANFASHIJIANGSHAIQINGCHAYONGRENGONGSUCHENGHOUFAJIAODEBANFAZHICHENGPUERSANCHABINGYIQIWEIYUANLIAOYAZHICHENGGEZHONGJINYACHA。ZHEIZHONGPUERCHANENGMANZURENMENDUIPUERCHADEXIANSHIXUQIU。 　　

　　2　PUERCHADEHUASEPINZHONGHETEDIAN

　　PUERCHA，SHUQIAOMUXINGDAYEZHONGCHASHU，ZAIQUANGUOCHAYEYOULIANGPINZHONGZHONGDUSHUYIZHI。PUERCHADESHENGZHANGTIAOJIANDUTE，XUYAOMANSHEDEYANGGUANG，WENNUANDUOYUDEQIHOU，NIANPINGJUNQIWENBUDIYU0℃。ERGAIDIQUWEIYULANCANGJIANGLIANGANDEQIULINGDIDAI，YINIANSIJIQIHOUWENNUAN，ZHONGNIANSHIRUN，YUNWUMIMAN，TUCENGHOUERFEIWO，SHICHASHUSHENGZHANGDETIANDUHOUDEYOUYUETIAOJIAN。PUERCHASHUDEXIANYENENHAODUO，YAYEFEIZHUANG，NEIHANHUAXUECHENGFENFENGFU，YOUXIAOCHENGFENHANLIANGGAO，ZHICHULAIDECHENGPINCHA，XIANGWEINONGYU，JUYOUNAIPAO，TIANRANXIANGWEICHIJIU，CHATANGJINHUANGMINGLIANG，XIANGQIQINGYOU，ZIWEICHUNNONG，SUYOU“XIANGPIAOQIANLIWAI，WEIYANYIBEIZHONG”DEMEICHENG。

　　PUERCHAZAILISHISHANGYOUSUOWEIMAOJIAN、YACHA、NVERCHAZHICHENG。QING·ZHANGHONGZAI《DIANNANXINYU》（1755NIANQIANHOU）JIZAI：“PUCHAZHENPIN，ZEYOUMAOJIAN、YACHA、NVERZHIHAO。MAOJIANJIYUQIANSUOCAIZHE，BUZUOTUAN。WEIDANXIANGRUHE，XINSENENLVKEAI。YACHAJIAOMAOJIANSHAOZHUANG，CAIZHICHENGTUAN，YIERLIANGSILIANGWEILV，DIANRENZHONGZHI。NVERCHAYIYACHAZHILEI，QUYUGUYUHOU，YIYIJINZHISHIJINWEIYITUAN。JIEYINVCAIZHI，HUOYINYIJIWEILIANZI，GUMING。”　

　　19SHIJISHANGBANYE，PUERGONGCHAHUASEYOUBA。QING·RUANFU《PUERCHAJI》（1825NIANQIANHOU）JIZAI：“MEINIANBEIGONGZHE，WUJINZHONGTUANCHA、SANJINZHONGTUANCHA、YIJINZHONGTUANCHA、SILIANGZHONGTUANCHA、YILIANGWUQIANZHONGTUANCHA，YOUPINGSHENGYACHA、RUIYA，XIASHENGCHAGAOGONGBASE。”　

　　DAOLE20SHIJICHU，PUERCHASHIZHENGZHIYIZHURUOCHENGTUANGUODEZHULOUZHUANGDAZONGCHA，ZHUYAOSHIZHISHAIQINGCHAJIQIZHENGYACHENGXINGDEGEZHONGJINYACHA。　

　　MUQIANSHENGCHANDEPUERCHAYOUPUERSANCHAHEPUERJINCHALIANGZHONG。PUERSANCHAANPINZHIFENWEI：TEJI、YIJI～SHIJI，GONGSHIYIGEDENGJI。PUERJINYACHAWAIXINGYOUYUANBINGXING、TUOXING、ZHUANXING、SHUTONGXING、PINGFENGXINGDENGDUOZHONGXINGZHUANGHEGUIGE。　

　　PUERCHADETEDIANZAIYUTAYOULIUQI，ZHEISHITAYUQITACHALEIDEXIANZHUQUBIE。YISHICHANDIQI，CHANYUCHASHUYUANCHANDIDELANCANGJIANGLIANGANDESHENSHANMILINZHONG，YUANLIWURANYUAN；ERSHIPINZHONGQI，PUERCHADEYUANLIAOLAIZIQIAOMUXINGDEYUNNANDAYEZHONG，TEBIESHIYONGQIANNIANYESHENGGUCHASHUSHANGCAIZHAIDECHAYEJIAGONGZHIZUODEPUERCHA，YOUYIZHONGTESHUDEFENFANGXIANGQI；SANSHIZHIZUOQI，SHIYONGSHAIQINGCHAJINGHOUFAJIAOJIAGONGERCHENG；SISHIXINGZHUANGQI，PUERCHAYOUGEZHONGGEYANGDEXINGZHUANG，CHUSANCHAWAI，YOUXIAORUWANYAO、YUANQIU、TUOCHA、YUANBING，DARUNANGUA、PINGFENG、SHUTONG；WUSHIPINZHIQI，PUERCHAZHIZUOCHULAIHOU，XUJINGCHENHUACHULI，YOUYUECHENYUEXIANGDETEDIAN；LIUSHIYINYONGQI，PUERCHAKEYICHONGPAO、KEPENGZHU。RUZAICHAGUANYONGZISHAHUCHONGPAOCHENNIANPUERCHA，KEPAO20DUOCI。　

　　3　. PUERCHADELISHIDIWEIHEJIZAIWENXIANKAOJIU。

　　JINCHAO、NANBEICHAO、SUICHAOSANGESHIQI（265NIAN～617NIAN），CHAYEMAOYISHIFENGJIANSHEHUIWEISHUBUDUODEJINGJIXIANGMUZHIYI，GEWANGCHAODOUSHIFENZHONGSHIDUICHASHANDEZHANYOUHELIYONG。

　　WENXIANZUIZAOGUANYUPUERCHAJIZAIZAITANGCHAO。TANGFANCHUOZHUANDE《MANSHU》（864NIAN）YUN：“CHACHUYINSHENGCHENGJIEZHUSHAN，SANSHOU，WUCAIZAOFA，MENGSHEMANYIJIAO、JIANG、GUIHEPENGERYINZHI。”YINDANGSHIPUERDIMINGSHANGWEIQUELI，ZHEISHIDEPUERCHAYINGWEIYINSHENGCHA。

　　ZAOZAITANGZHENYUANSHINIAN（GONGYUAN794NIAN），NANZHAOZHENGQUANBUGUQIANLIZHIYAO，YULIUDACHASHANSUOZAIDIYIWUSHEZHIWEI“LIRUNCHENG”，SHICHALINWEIHUOLIRUNZHIWU，XIANSHILEWANGCHAODEZHONGSHICHENGDU，YEXIANSHICHUPUERCHABUKETIDAIDEZHONGYAODIWEI。　

　　TANGCHAOQIANFULIUNIAN（879NIAN），NANZHAOZHENGQUANZAILIUDACHASHANZHIDALIDELUXIANDIANJIHOULAIDEPUERSHEZHIJIANZHI，QUMING“BURIJIAN”。DANGSHIBURIJIANDENANFANG，JILANCANGJIANGWAIYOUCHELITUSIGUANZHI，JIANGNEIDAPIANDIFANGWEIBURIJIANXIADI，ZIRANBAOKUOJIANGNEIDELIRUNCHENGJIQILIUDACHASHAN。BURIJIANGUIYINSHENGJIEDU（ZHUJINGDONG）GUANXIA。CISHICHAYICHUANZHIZHONGYUAN，ZAISUIWENCHENGGONGZHUPEIJIAJISONGZANGANBUERJINRUXIZANG。YOUYUCHAYEPINZHISHANGCHENG，JIEDUSANHAN，XIAOSHIQUNIDENGGONGYONGBEIZANGZUQINGLAI，SHIQIWEIPEIZHI“SUYOUCHA”DEJIJIAPEILIAO，CONGCIBIANYUEXUESHAN、PIAOJINSHAJIANG，GUOLIJIANG、YINSHENGCHENGZAIZHIBURI，YIMAPI、RUZHIPIN、YAOCAI、DOUJINJIAOHUANBURIDECHAYE。ZHEIBIANSHINANSONGRENLISHIZHE《XUBOWUZHI》ZHONGSUOJIZAI：“XIFAN（XIZANG）ZHIYONGPUCHA，YIZITANGSHI”。JUQINGDAI《PUERFUZHI》JIZAI：“NIANYUNTUFANZHICHADASANWANDAN”。CISHIQI，WEITUOYUNFANGBIAN，CHASHANGBIANJIANGSHOUGOUDAODESANCHAZAIZHENGERJINYAWEITUANCHA，DAZHERURENTOUCHENG“RENTOUCHA”，XIAOZHERUNIUXIN，CHENG“NIUXINCHA”。JINTUANCHAQIANLIZHIYAOYUNXIZANG，TUZHONGJINGRESHIJIZHIHANLENGGEDIDUAN，ZHANGRITUOYUNZHONG，TUANCHANEICHADUOFENCUYANGHUAZIRANFAJIAO，CHAYEBIANHEISE，WEIYOUCHENXIANG，BIEYUQITACHAYE，YIBIANYISHI，JIANWEIZANGQUXIAI。　

　　SONGDAI（960NIAN～1279NIAN），DALIZHENGQUANJIANGNANZHAOSHIQISUOSHEDEBURIJIANGAIWEIBURIBU，XIANSHUWEICHUFU，HOUHUAGUIMENGSHEZHENGUANXIA。CISHISONGCHAOYUBEIFANGJINCHAOLIANNIANZHENGZHANBUZHI，JIXUZHANMA，DALIZHENGQUANBIANZAIBURIBUSHE“CHAMASHICHANG”，YIBURIBUCHAYEHUANDEXIZANGMAPI，ZAIJIANGMAPIBEIZHUANYUSONGCHAO，HUANQUMIANDUANZHUWANSHOUSHI。CHASHIKUODA，CUJINBURIGEDICHAYEZHONGZHIJIAKUAI。JU《LANCANGXIANZHI》CHENG：“BANWEIDACHASHUWEIBEISONGZAIZHONG”。　

　　YUANDAI（1206NIAN～1368NIAN）MENGGUTIEQIZHANLINGYUNNAN，JIANGSONGDAIDEBURIGAIWEIPURI，ZAISIMAOYIDISHEWEISIME，LIANGDIGESHE“DIAN”ZHI，YUPURIJIASHE“PURISIMEDIANSI”，XIALIANGDIANJINANFANGGEDI。DIANSIGUISHUYUANJIANGLUJIEZHI。YUANDAIZHONGQI，PURISHENGCHANDECHAYESUITONGYISHIROU、RUWEIZHUSHIDEMENGGURENXISHANGJINRUEGUO，HOUBEIEGUOZUOJIATUOERSITAIXIERU《ZHANZHENGYUHEPING》。《LANCANGXIANZHI》CHENG：“YOUJINGMAI、MENGBEN、MANGGENG、NUOGANG、MANGJING、WENGJU、WENGWA、MANGHONGDENGCHAYUANWEIYUANDAIZAIZHONG”。　

　　MINGCHAOHONGWUSHILIUNIAN（1383NIAN），JIANGPURIGAICHENGWEIPUER，HUAGUICHELIJUNMINXUANWEISHISIGUANXIA。WANLINIANJIAN（1572～1620NIAN），LISHIZHENZHEYAODIAN《BENCAOGANGMU》ZHONGJIYOU：“PUERCHACHUYUNNANPUER”。MINGDAIBIANZUANDE《YUNNANTONGZHI》JIYOU：“CHELIZHIPUER，CICHUCHANCHA”。LIANGSHUYURUOTONGCHU，YIZHIJIANGPUERYICIHEPUERCHAMINGGUDING，CIHOUYANYONGBUSHUAI，ZHIJINWUBIAN。LIANGMINGGUDINGSHIJIAN，BIQINGYONGZHENGQINIAN（1729NIAN）CHENGLIPUERFUZAO109NIANYISHANG。JUKAOZHENG，PUERYICISHIYOUTANGDAIDEBURI 、YUANDAIDEPURI、MINGDAIWANLIDEPUERYANBIANERLAI。CISHIQIDEPUERCHAPUBIANSHOUYUNNANGEZURENSHIXIAI，MINGCHAOFANGZHIXUEJIAXIEZHAOXIZHE《DIANLVE》ZHONGJIANGCIQINGKUANGJIWEI：“SHISHUSUOYONG，JIEPUCHAYE”。 ZAIMINGDAIZHONGQIPUERCHADALIANGJINRUBEIJINGSHOUDAOJINGCHENGGECENGRENMINXIAI。

　　QINGCHAO（1644NIAN~1911NIAN），SHUNZHISHILIUNIAN（1619NIAN），WUSANGUIPINGDINGYUNNAN，JIANGPUER、SIMAO、PUTENG、CHASHAN、MENGYANG、MENGNUAN、MENGBANG、MENGGE、ZHENGXIE、MENGWAN、SHANGMENGWU、XIAMENGWU、ZHENGDONGBIANWEISHISANGEBANNA，TONGGUIYUANJIANGFUGUANXIA。JU《SIMAOXIANZHI》ZAI：“SHUNZHISHIBANIAN（1621NIAN），SIMAONIANJIAGONGCHAYE10WANDAN，JINGPUERGUOLIJIANGXIAOWANGXIZANGCHAYESANWANTUOZHIDUO”。KANGXISANNIAN（1664NIAN），SHEYUANJIANGFUPUERFENFU，YIYUANJIANGTONGPANZHUPUER，WEIPUERTONGPAN，GUANXIASHISANBANNA。YONGZHENGQINIAN（1729NIAN）SHELIPUERFU，WEILIUGUANZHI，XIALIUDACHASHAN、GANLANGBAJIJIANGNEI（LANCANGJIANGYIDONG、BEIPIAN）LIUBANNA（JIMENGYANG、SIMAO、PUTENG、ZHENGDONG、MENGWU、WUDE），DUIJIANGWAIGEBANNA（JIMENGNUAN、MENGBANG、MENGGE、ZHENGXIE、MENGWAN）SHECHELIXUANWEISI，WEITUSIGUANZHI，GENJULIUGUANGUANTUGUANYUANZE，PUERFUDUICHELIXUANWEISISHIXINGJIMIGUANLI。TONGNIANZAISIMAOSHECHAYEZONGDIAN，JIANGSIMAOCHENGSISHANG（ZHICHASHANG）YILVGANZOU，BUDEJINGYINGCHAYESHENGYI。YOUYUNNANZONGDUEERTAIXUANQUZUIHAODECHAJING，ZHICHENGJINCHA.CHAGAO，JINGONGHUANGDIZUOWEIGONGCHA。YONGZHENGSHINIAN，PUERZHENZONGBINGGUANLIZONGYINGYIXUNBIANDAOCHASHANSOUKUOMINCAI，PUERZHIFUTONGSHIYINYOUTUYI“GUOSHANJULIANG”ZAIDAOCHASHANSOUKUO，ZAOJUHOURUDACHASHANQIANZONGDAOXINGGUO，DAOXINGGUOFENERFADONGCHASHANRENMINQIYI。ZAIGUANJUNLIUGEYUEWEIJIAOXIA，QIYISHIBAI，DAOXINGGUODENGRENCANZAOSHAHAI。YONGZHENGSHISANNIAN（1735NIAN）SHENINGERXIANWEIFUKUOXIAN。QIANLONGSANSHIWUNIAN（1770NIAN），PUERFUXIAYIXIANSANTINGJICHELIXUANWEISI。TONGNIAN，QINGTINGDUIPUERFUCHAYEQINGKUANGZUODIAOCHA，DUISISHANGJINGYINGCHAYEYOUGAIDONG，DAOGUANG《PUERFUZHI ·SHIHUO》DUICIKUANGZHUISHUWEI：“PUERCHAMINGZHONGTIANXIA，MEINIANNACHALIU、QIQIANTUO（MEITUO120JINJI，HE72~84WANJIN），RUSHANZUOCHA（ZHICHASHANGJIGONGJIANG）ZHESHUSHIWANREN，CHAKESHOUMAIYUNYUGECHU”；WEILE“DUJUEXINDUAN（NAOSHI），BUXUKERENSHANGSHANZUOCHA”；YOUCONGSHOUJIAOCHASHUIRUSHOU，ZHUNXUSISHANGBAN“CHAYIN”GOUCHA，GUIDING：“PUERFUNIANFACHAYINSANQIAN，MEIYINSHOUSHUIYINSANQIANERFEN（JIAQITASHUIFEI，HEMEIYINZHENGSHUIYILIANG，NIANZHENGSHOUCHASHUIHESANQIANYULIANG），XINGXIAOBANKE，DINGEZAOCETIXIAO”。QIHOUZAIFUDISHE“CHAJU”ZHUANBANCHAYINFAFANG、SHUIYINZHENGSHOUHEGONGCHADELIYINFAFANG、GONGCHAYAYUNDEJIANDUJIGUAN。　

　　1793NIAN(QIANLONG58NIAN)QIANLONGHUANGDIZAIREHEXINGGONG{JINCHENGDEBISHUSHANZHUANG}，JIEJIANYINGSHITUAN，BINGZAIWANSHUYUANSHEYAN，QIANLONGDIWANYANBUZHUNSUOQING，BUYUTONGYI，DANLISHANGWANGLAI，HUIZENGYINGSHITUANDAPIZHENGUILIWU，QIZHONGJIUYOUPUERCHA，NVERCHAHE(PUER)CHAGAO．JUQINGDAIWENHAOCAOXUEQINZHE《HONGLOUMENG》DI61HUIXIEDAO：”…LINZHIXIAOJIADEYOUXIANGXIRENDENGXIAOZHESHUO：GAIMENXIEPUERCHAHE。XIREN、QINGWENERRENMANGSHUO：MENLEYIDAGANGZINVERCHA，YIJINGHEGUOLIANGWANLE。” YIKEJIANPUERCHAZAIYONGZHENG、QIANLONGDENGNIANJIANDEDINGSHENGMINGQI，ERKEJIANCAOXUEQINNEICHUQUEPUER（CHA）BUSHICHADEDUZHONGZHIXIN。

　　QINGDAI，RUANFUZHUANZHE《PUERCHAJI》CHENGWEI：“PUERCHAMINGBIANTIANXIA，WEIZUIYAN，JINGSHIYOUZHONG”。QINGDAI《XINZUANYUNNANTONGZHI》CHENG：“PUERZHIMINGZAIHUACHAZHONGZHANTESHUWEIZHI，YUANFEIANHUI、MIN、ZHE（CHA）KEBI”。QINGDAIXUEZHEZHAOXUEMINZHE《BENCAOSHIYI》ZHONGTICHUPUERCHADEYAOXINGJIGONGNENGWEI：“PUERCHAQINGXIANGDUJUEYE，XINGJIUDIYI，XIAOSHIHUATAN，QINGWEISHENGJINGONGLIYOUDA，YOUJUXINGWENWEIGAN，JIEYOUNI、NIUYANG（ROU）DU，XIAQITONGXIE”。《PUERFUZHI》JIWEI：“PUERCHAMINGZHONGJINGSHI”。ZAIDAZHONGCHAYIPUBIANSHOUHUANYINGJICHUSHANG，QINGTINGJIANGPUERCHASHOUCILIEWEI“GONGPIN，FENYACHA、TUANCHALIANGZHONG”。TONGQIZHIXUEJIAZHANGHONGZHE《DIANNANXINYU》ZHONGJIYOU：“PUCHAZHENPIN，YOUMAOJIAN、YACHAHENVERZHIHAO。NVERCHAYIYACHAZHILEI，QUYUGUYUHOU，JIEYINVCAIZHIHUOYINYIJIZHUANGZIGUMING”。NVERCHAZAICISHISUIGONGRUJING。ZHIQIANLONGWUSHIERNIAN（1787NIAN），QINGTINGFUJIANGPUERGONGCHAGAIWEI：“TUANCHA（NEIFEN5、3、1、0.4、0.14JINWUZHONG）、XIPINGZHUANGRUICHAHEYACHA、DUANMIANMUXIAZHUANGCHAGAO”，CHENGWEIBASEGONGCHA。RUANFUZHE《GONGCHAANLI》ZHONGJISHUCAIBANQINGKUANGWEI：“MEINIANJINGONGZHICHA，LIEYUBUZHENGSIKUYINXIXIANGXIA，DONGZHIYIQIANLIANG，YOUSIMAOTINGLINGZHUANCAIBAN，BINGGOUCHAPING、DUANXIA、MUXIANGDENG，QICHAZAISIMAOBENDISHOUQU”。TONGWENJIPUERGONGCHACAIZHAIQINGKUANGWEI：“YUERYUE（NONGLI）CAIRUIJIXIERBAIZHE，WEIZHIMAOJIANZUOGONG，GONGHOUFANGXUMINJIANFAN（MAIYUN）CHA。”《PUERFUZHI》JIWEI：“NONGLIERYUEKAISHICAICHA，YATOUXINENQIEDUOBAIHAO（MAO）ZHEWEIMAOJIAN，NONGLISAN～SIYUECAIZHAIWEIXIAOMANCHA，LIU～QIYUECAIZHAIWEIGUHUACHA”。

　　YUNNANCONG1938NIANKAISHISHENGCHANHONGCHA，BINGYINJINCHAOQINGLVCHADEJIAGONG，1945NIANKAISHISHENGCHANZHENGQINGLVCHA，1964KAISHISHENGCHANDAYEZHONGHONGQINGLVCHA，YINCI，1938NIANQIAN，YUNNANZHICHANSHAIQINGCHA，JIYONGYUNNANDAYEZHONGXIANYE，JINGSHAQING、ROUNIAN、SHAIGANERCHENG，SUOYI，LISHISHANGDEPUERCHA，FANZHIYUNNANYUANSIPUQU（JINSIMAO、XISHUANGBANNA）DESHAIQINGLVCHAHEYIQIWEIYUANLIAOYAZHICHENGGEZHONGXINGZHUANGHEGUIGEDEJINYACHA，BAOKUOQIZIBINGCHA、FANGCHA、TUOCHADENG，JIZHONGPUERFUSUOZAIDI（JINPUERXIAN）JIAOYIERDEMING。YINYUNNANDICHUYUNGUIGAOYUAN，LISHISHANGJIAOTONGBISAI，CHAYEYUNSHUKAORENBEIMATUO，CONGDIANNANCHAQUYUNDAODIANXIBEI、XIZANGHEDONGNANYAJIGANGAOGEDI，LISHIZHISHAOYINIANBANZAI，CHAYEZAIZHANGQIZHUYUNGUOCHENGZHONGFASHENGHUANMANDEZIRANFAJIAO，GANCHAWAIXINGSEZEZHUJIANBIANCHENGHONGHE，TANGSEBIANDEHONGYAN，ZIWEIHUITIAN，BIANCHENGRENMENXIAIYINYONGDEPUERCHA。ZHEIZHONGPUERCHA，JIUSHIXIANZAIRENMENCHENGZHIWEIDE“SHENGPUER”，YICHENG“CHUANTONGPUERCHA”。1973NIAN，WEIMANZUGUOJISHICHANGDUIPUERCHADEXUQIU，YUNNANCHAYEJINCHUKOUGONGSIZAIKUNMINGCHACHANGYONGSHAIQINGCHAJINGSUCHENGHOUFAJIAOHECHENHUACHULI，ZHICHENGXIANZAIFENGGEDEPUERCHA，ZHEIZHONGPUERSANCHAYUYIQIYAZHICHENGDEGEZHONGJINYACHA，JIUSHIXIANZAIRENMENCHENGZHIWEIDE“SHUPUER”HE“XIANDAIPUERCHA”。　

　　PUERCHADEMAOYISHIYUTANGCHAO。PUERCHAZUOWEIZHUANYONGMINGCIZUIZAOCHUXIANYUNANSONG。LISHI《XUBOWUZHI》JIZAI：“XIPANZHIYONGPUCHA，YIZITANG。”PUCHA，JIPUERCHA。YUANDAI，PUERCHAYICHENGWEIGEZURENMINZAISHICHANGJIAOYIDEZHONGYAOSHANGPIN。XIEZHAOZHIDE《DIANLVE》YISHUYOU“SHISHUSUOYONG，JIEPUCHAYE，ZHENGERTUANZHI。”DEJIZAI。“ZHENGERTUANZHI”，SHUOMINGDANGSHIYIYOUJIAGONGROUZHIDE“JINCHA”LE。

　　PUERCHALISHI，CENGYOUMAOJIAN、NVERCHA、YACHADENGZHENPIN。MAOJIAN、NVERCHACAIYUGUYUQIAN，NVERCHAWEIFUNVSUOCAI，ZHENGROUHOU，ZHICHENGXIAOYUANXING，《HONGLOUMENG》ZHONGJIABAOYUAIHEDENVERCHA，JIUSHIZHEIZHONGPUERCHA。YACHACAIYUGUYUHOU，TIAOSUORUAN，MAOJIANCUZHUANG，JINGZHENGROUZHICHENGTUANCHA。

　　PUERCHA，FENSANCHAHEZHENGYACHALIANGZHONG，CHAWEINENLVDEDIANQING，YOUCHUNRUI，CHUNJIANDENGPINZHONG，TEDIANSHITIAOSUOFEIZHUANG，YUNSHI，HAOYAXIANLU；CHONGPAOHOUTANGSEHUANGLIANG，XIANGQIQINGYOU，ZIWEICHUNHOU，YOUGANMEIDEHUIWEI，YINHOULINGRENXINKUANGSHENYI，XIANYIYUANXIAORIBEN、YIDALI、FAGUO、DONGNANYAGEGUO；ZHENGYACHASHIYONGSANQINGJINGZHENGYACHENGXINGERCHENGDEKUAIXINGCHA，CHENGWANXINGDECHENGWEI“YUNNANTUOCHA”。TUOCHASEZEANLV，BIAOMIANBAIHAODUO，WEIXIANGNONGYU，SHOUJIANXINGQIANG，NAICHONGPAO，CHANGXIAOQUANGUOHEDONGNANYA。CHENGZHENGFANGXINGDECHENG“FANGPUER”，CHENGZHANGFANGXINGDECHENG“JINCHA”，CHENGYUANBINGXINGDECHENG“YUANCHA”、“BINGCHA”。HOUSANZHONGZHUYAOXIAOWANGXIZANGHEYUNNANSHENGZANGZU。

　　4.PUERCHADEPINYINFANGFAHEPUERCHAYI

　　PUERCHATONGCHANGYINYONGDEFANGFASHIPAOYIN。JIJIANG5～10KEPUERCHAFANGRUCHAHU，CHONGRUFEISHUIYANGUOGANCHA，XUNSUYAOHUANG3～5XIA，JIANGCHASHUIDAOCHU，WEIZHI“XICHA”，RANHOUCHONGRU500HAOSHENGFEISHUI，CHONGPAO30～50MIAOZHONG，JIKEFENZHONGYINYONG；YEYOUYONG3KEPUERCHAFANGBOLIBEIZHONGCHONGKAISHUIYINYONG；HAIYOUJIARUJUHUACHONGPAOYINYONG，YUCHENG“JUPU”。　

　　PUERCHAYEKEZHUYIN，JIJIANGPUERCHAJINGXICHAHOU，FANGRUGUNFEIDEKAISHUIZHONGZHU5MIAOZHONGCHUTANGYINYONG；YEYOUYONGCHENNIANPUERJIARUQINGBINGHUNHECHONGPAOHUOZHUYIN。　

　　普洱茶艺即普洱茶冲泡的技艺。依据普洱茶的品质和耐泡特性，普洱茶一般采用定点冲泡法，一般分为十个步聚：①赏具，即向品茶者介绍冲泡普洱茶的茶具，又名“孔雀开屏”。一般用盖碗冲泡，用紫砂壶作公道壶，用透明玻璃若琛杯饮茶。用盖碗能产生高温宽壶的效果。用紫砂壶作公道壶，可去异味，得其真香真味。透明玻璃若琛杯，可观赏普洱茶的汤色；②温壶，又称温壶涤器，即用开水冲洗盖碗，若琛杯和紫砂壶；③置茶，俗称普洱入宫，即用茶匙将茶置入盖碗；④涤茶，又称游龙戏水，用现沸的开水呈45度角大水流冲入盖碗中，即定点冲泡，使盖碗中的普洱茶随高温的水流快速翻滚，达到充分洗涤的目的；⑤淋壶，又称淋壶增温，即将盖碗中冲泡出的茶水淋洗公道壶，达到增温的目的；⑥泡茶，又称祥龙行雨，即用现沸开水冲入盖碗中泡茶。第一泡10秒钟，第二泡6秒种，第三泡6～8秒钟，以后每次增加2秒钟，如此可冲泡多次；⑦出汤，又称出汤入壶，即将盖碗中冲泡的普洱茶汤刮去浮沫后，倒入公道壶中；⑧沥茶，即把盖碗中的剩余茶汤全部滤入公道壶中，又称沥茶入壶，以凤凰三点头的姿势滤尽茶汁；⑨分茶，又称普降甘霖，即将公道壶中的茶汤倒入若琛杯中，每杯倒一样满，以茶汤在杯内满七分为度；⑩敬茶，又称奉茶敬客，即将装有茶汤的若琛杯放在茶托中，由泡茶者举杯齐眉，一一奉献给客人。　　

　　ER：ZHIDEZANYUDEZHENGFUYINGXIAO　　　　

　　ZAIZHEIGUPUERCHAJIAGEBUDUANSHUAXINHEPANGAODELANGCHAOZHONG，YUNNANSHENGDEGEJIZHENGFUWUYISHIGECHUSEDEZUZHIZHEHEHUOYIZHE。CONGMABANGJINJING，DAOGUGONGBAINIANGONGCHAHUIDIAN“SHENGQIN”，DAO“SIMAOSHI”GAIMING“PUERSHI”……PUERCHAZHIDARE，YUANCHANDIZHENGFUKEWEISHAOLEJIBAMENGHUO，SHEHUIGEJIEDUICIBAOBIANBUYI。

　　XIANGLAIYIYANJINZHUCHENGDEZHENGFUQUANLICANYUDICHANPINDEXUANCHUANHECHAOZUO，BINGYIYIZHONGTECHANWEICHENGSHIGAIMING，ZAISHIJIESHISHANGYEKEYISUANSHIQUZHIKESHU。BANSUIZHEGUANFANGDEZHEIZHONGBIAOTAI，YISHIJIANPUERCHARURIZHONGTIAN，YANRANCHENGLE“JIYOUGU”。JIULIAN“SHIJIEGEGUOYIXUEZHENGMINGPUERCHASHIYIDAGONGXIAO”、“PUERCHAYOUSHASIAIXIBAO、KANGTUBIAN、FANGAIGONGNENG……”RUCIZHEIBANDEJIEGOUYECHENGLEXUANCHUANYU，SIHUYOUDIANJIANZOUPIANFENGLE，WEILAICHANPINLIXINGDEHUIGUIHEZHELUCHENGLEYENEIRENSHIPUBIANDANXINDEWENTI。RUGUORANGYIGEZHIDI、ZIYUANHETESEDOUSHIZUDECHANPIN，ZAIXUANXIAOZHONGMISHILEFANGXIANG，BEISECAIXUANLIDEYIXIEXUWEIDEGUANGHUANZHEGAI，NEIMEYOULIXINGDERENMENYOULIYOUHUAIYI，WEILAITAXUANXIAOHEKUADADETEBIEHEJIAZHIZHONG，HEXINDEDONGXINENGFOUBEICHIJIUDEZHIYIHEMAIMEI？

　　DUIYUYIGECHANYEDEFUZHI，ZHENGFUWUYISHIXUYAOCHENGDANXIEYIWUDE，TEBIESHIDUIYUZIYUANJIZHONG、DANSHENGCHANHEXIAOSHOUFENSANDEXINGYEZHONGGENGXURUCI。DUIYUPUERCHADEFAZHAN，YUNNANSHENGGEJIZHENGFUHEYUNNANSHENGPUERCHAXIEHUIDEDALIZHICHIHEXITONGDEYUNZUOSHIXIXIXIANGGUANDE。PUERCHASHIZHONGGUODIFANGZHENGFUZHONGCHANYEYINGXIAODEJINGDIANANLI，JINGUANZUZHIDEHAIYOUXIEDUANCENGHESHIKONG，DANCONGBUJU、GUANGDU、SHENDUHEYINGXIANGLILAIJIANGDOUSHIKEQUANKEDIANDE。

　　YUNNANSHENGPUERCHAXIEHUIZI2006NIAN4YUE9RICHENGLIYILAI，XIEDIAOHEZHENGHELEYUNNANSHENGWEI、SHENGZHENGFU、、NONGYETING、、MINZHENGTING、GONGSHANGJUDENGYOUGUANSHENGJIBUMENDEZIYUAN，TONGSHIYEDEDAOLEYOUGUANZHOU、SHIZHENGFUTEBIESHIPUERXIANWEI、XIANZHENGFUDEDINGLIZHICHI，SUOYIGEFANGYOULIPEIHEHOU，XINGCHENGLESHICHANGDELIANSUOFANYING，LAKAILEPUERCHAKUAISUCHENGZHANGDEDUOMINUOGUPAI。QIJIANPUERCHAXIEHUIDEZUOYONGGONGBUKEMEI：

　　１．BANLIDENGJISHOUXU，LISHUNGONGZUOJIZHI

　　GENJUGONGZUOXUYAO，XIEHUIZAIHUIYUANFENBUBIJIAOJIZHONG，PUERCHACHANYEFAZHANBIJIAOKUAIDESIMAOSHI、XISHUANGBANNAZHOU、LINCANGSHI、DALIZHOU、KUNMINGSHI、BAOSHANSHI、DEHONGZHOU、HONGHEZHOU、WENSHANZHOUDENGJIUGEZHOU、SHISHELILELIANLUOCHU，ZUOWEIXIEHUIZAIGEZHOU、SHIDEFENZHIJIGOU，YIJIAQIANGXIEHUIYUGEZHOU、SHIDELIANXI，GENGKUAIGENGHAODIFUWUGUANGDAHUIYUAN。CHENGLILEXUESHUGONGZUOWEIYUANHUI、JISHUZHILIANGGONGZUOWEIYUANHUI、SHICHANGGONGZUOWEIYUANHUI、CHADAOCHAYIGONGZUOWEIYUANHUI、ZIXUNGONGZUOWEIYUANHUI，WEIHUIYUANJIQUANSHENGCHACHANYETIGONGQUANFANGWEI、SHENCENGCI、GAOZHILIANGDEFUWU。

　　２．JIANZHANGLIZHI，GOUJIANGUIFANDEXIEHUIGONGZUOGUANLITIXI

　　GENJU《YUNNANPUERCHAYEXIEHUIZHANGCHENG》YIJIYOUGUANHUIYIJINGSHEN，XIEHUIMISHUCHUZHIDINGLEYIXILIEDEGONGZUOZHIDU、BANFA，TEBIEJIAQIANGLEXIEHUIDECAIWUGUANLIGONGZUOHE“PUERCHA”ZHENGMINGSHANGBIAODESHIYONGGUANLI。ZHEIXIEZHIDUDEJIANLI，BAOZHENGLEXIEHUIGONGZUODEZHIDUHUA、GUIFANHUA、TOUMINGHUAHEFUWUHUA；YICIJIAQIANGGONGZUORENYUANDEFUWULINIAN，QIANGHUAXIEHUIWEIHUIYUANFUWU，WEICHANONGFUWU、WEIXIAOFEIZHEFUWU、WEIPUERCHACHANYEFAZHANFUWUDEYISHI，SHULIWEIFAZHANPUERCHACHANYEERWUSIFENGXIANDEJINGSHEN。

　　３．JIAQIANGPEIXUN，ZENGZHANGZHISHI，CUJINPUERCHACHANYEDEKAITUOYUFAZHAN

　　CHENGLILE“YUNNANPUERCHAZHIYEJINENGPEIXUNZHAN”，WEIPUERCHACHANYECONGSHENGCHAN、LIUTONGDENGFANGMIANTIGONGSHENGJIAGONG、ZHIJIANJISHU、CHAYI、CHAWENHUADENGYIXILIEDE、ZHUANYEDEZHISHIHEJINENGPEIXUN。PEIXUNZHANCHENGLIHOU，KAIZHANLEYUNNANSHENGSHOUJIEZHONGHUASHAOERXIAOXIAOCHAYISHIDEPEIXUN。ZHIZAIPEIYANGQINGSHAONIANDESHIJIANNENGLI、DONGSHOUNENGLI，BINGZHANGWOYIDINGDEJINENG，TANSUOYIZHONGXINDESUZHIJIAOYUMOSHI。TONGSHITIGAOSHAOERDUOYUANWENHUAXINGQU，YERANGTAMENRENSHIDAO“CHAWEIGUOYIN”DEWENHUANEIHAN。

　　JUBANLESHOUJIEGAOGUANRENYUANPEIXUNBAN，CANJIAPEIXUNDERENYUANYOUGEDANWEIHUIYUANDEFUZONGYISHANGGAOGUANRENYUAN150DUOREN，ZHEZHONGDUIMUQIANSHIJIECHAYEJINGJIGAIKUANGJISHICHANGREDIAN、YUNNANPUERCHACHANYEFAZHANZHUANGKUANGJIZHANWANG、XIANDAIQIYEGUANLIYUCHUANGXIN、SHICHANGJINGJITIAOJIANXIAFAZHIJIANSHEYUQIYEDEFAZHANDENGKETIJINXINGLEJIANGSHOU。CANPEIRENYUANYIZHIRENWEI，TONGGUOPEIXUNZENGZHANGLEZHISHI，KUOKUANLESILU。

　　WEIGAOHAOPUERCHAJIGONGPEIXUN，XIEHUIZHUANMENZUZHILILIANGBIANXIE《PUERCHAJIAGONGJISHU》YISHUZUOWEIJIAOCAI。

　　WEILEPEIYANGGENGDUORENDUIPUERCHADERENSHI，GAIXIEHUIHAIJUBANLEYIXILIEDEKEPUHUODONG，ZHIZAISHULIXIAOFEIZHEDUICHAWENHUADERENSHIHERENZHI。TEBIESHICONGWAWAZHUAQI，PEIYANGXIAYIDAIDEPUERCHAAIHAOZHE。XIEHUIDEZHUYAOGONGZUOZHONGDIANJIUSHIRUHERANGZHONGGUODEPUERCHAWENHUADAIDAICHUANCHENGXIAQU，YEZHENGYINWEIZHEIGEMUBIAO，XIEHUIBUYIYULIDIJUBANGEZHONGHUODONG，FAFANGGEZHONGJIAOCAI，TONGSHIYIXIEHUIDE“AICHAWENHUA”JINGSHENWEIZHONGXIN，FUSHEDAOGEGEAICHARENDEXINZHONG，TONGSHIPEIYANGCHUGENGDUODECHAAIHAOZHE。

　　PUERCHAJINNIANLAIZHIMINGDUDEXUNSUTISHENG，DIFANGZHENGFUZAIQIZHONGTUIBOZHULANDEZUOYONGSHIFENMINGXIAN。XUANCHUANGURANZHONGYAO，DANYAOXIANGSHIPUERCHACHANYEJIANKANGFAZHAN，ZHIDINGBIAOZHUN，GUIFANSHICHANG，CAISHIZHENGFUMUQIANJIPOYAOZUODESHI，XIANZAIPUERCHASHICHANGBIJIAOHUNLUAN，RUGUOBUJIAQIANGGUANLI，JIUKENENGHUIXIANGDANGNIANDETANGSANCAIYIYANG，YUANLAIHENZHENGUI，DANHOULAILIANDITANSHANGDOUYOULE，BAZHENGGUIPINPAIHUILE。MUQIANYUNNANSHENGZHENGFUYOUBIYAOCHENGLIYIGECHACHANYEWEIJIYINGBIANXIAOZU，ZHUANMENYANJIUPUERCHAFAZHANGUOCHENGZHONGYUDAODEKUNNAN、WENTIYIJIRUHEYINGDUI，DUIYUZHENGFUERYAN，DUANQIDEXIAOYINGGURANHENHAO，DANCHIJIUZHANGQIDEFAZHANGENGSHIRUIZHIZHIJU。

　　SAN：JIGUCHUANHUA：YONGYOUZHEDEBEIZHUANG　　　　　

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　　PUERCHADEPINPAINEIHANZHONGYOUQILISHIWENHUADIYUNJIAZHI，YOUSHIYIZHONGKOUGANBUCUODEJIANKANGYINPIN，FUHEDANGDAIRENZHUIQIUJIANKANGSHENGHUOPINZHIDEXUQIU。HENDUOHEGUOPUERCHADERENDOUSHUO，PUERCHAJUYOUNUANWEI、QINGRE、JIANGXUEZHIJIRUANHUADONGMAIDENGGONGXIAO，ZAIRENMENBAOJIANYISHIZENGQIANGDEJINTIAN，CHUXIANPUERCHAREBINGBUQIGUAI。

　　MUQIANCUNZAIZHEGONGQIUMAODUN，YIFANGMIANSHIQUANGUOGEDIDOURENSHIDAOPUERCHADUISHENTIDEYICHU，YINCIGEDI、SHENZHIXINJIAPO、MALAIXIYARENDOUKAISHIGOUJINHEPINYINPUERCHA；DANLINGYIFANGMIANQUESHIPUERCHADEYOUXIANZIYUAN，ZHEIJIUSHIDEJINNIANZAOCHUNPUERZAIDAGUIMOSHANGSHIZHIQIANDEYINGSHENGERZHANG，DANZHANGJIAZHINENGZHENGMINGSHIQIZISHENJINGJIJIAZHIDEHUIGUI。DANBIZHERENWEI，JINGUANPUERCHAYOUJIAOGAODEPINZHI，DANTAYIZHIYUTIEGUANYIN、LONGJINGDENGMINGCHAZAIJIAGESHANGYOUJIAODADECHAJU，NEIXIECHAYIGONGJINKEYIMAIDAOSHANGQIANYUAN，ERPUERZHANGJIAHOU，DABUFENZHIJINHAIZHISHIJISHIYUANHUOSHANGBAIYUAN，ZHEISHIHENFUHEQICHANPINDEJIAZHIBENSHENDETEZHIDE。DANZUIJINXUDUODAZHE“CHENNIANPUERCHA”QIEBAOZHUANGJINGMEIDECHABINGDONGZHEMAICHUJINWANYUANGAOJIA，BATOUZIPUERCHADANGZUOYIZHONGLEISISHOUZANGGUDONGDEXINQINGHEYIYI，JIUYOUDIANRANGRENFEIJIELE。

　　2002NIAN11YUE，GUOJIMAOYIGUANGZHOUCHUNQIUJIYOUZHICHAPINGBIHUISHANG，LUXUNXIANSHENGSHOUZANGDE20KEPUERCHAPAIMAICHU16WANYUANRENMINBI，2005NIANZHANGGUOLIDEYITIPUERCHAPAIMAICHU160WANYUANRENMINBI。RANERYENEIRENSHIJIESHAO，SHANGWANYUANDEGAOJIACHABINGYINGSHIYOUZHICHENNIANPUERCHA，ERSHIJISHANGSUIZHE“PUERSHOUZANGRE”DEXINGQI，ZHEIYANGDECHASHULIANGYEYIJINGFEICHANGXISHAOLE。DUIYUBUSHUXIPUERCHADEPUTONGSHIMINLAIJIANG，MANGMUSHOUZANGHETOUZIPUERCHASHISHIFENHUANGTANGKEXIAODE。YOUYUCUNFANGTIAOJIANYAOQIUJIAOGAO，RUGUOYINCHUZANGTIAOJIANBUHAOERDAOZHICHAYEMEILAN，JIUGENGBUZHIQIANLE。JINGUANPUERCHADUIYUJIANKANGDEYICHUYIJINGWEIRENSUORENTONG，DANRENGYINGPINGCHANGKANDAIPUERCHA，YINWEITAZHISHIYIZHONGYINPIN，ERQIEQIGONGXIAOYEHENKENENGCHUXIANTIDAIPIN，SUOYIBIZHEBUTICHANGDAJIAGUOFENDEQUTOUZI，GENGBUNENGQUTOUJI。

　　PUERCHADEJIAZHIJIUJINGYOUDUOGAO？YOUDIAOCHAXIANSHI，ZAICHAYECHANDI，ZHEIXIECHAYEDEPIFAJIAJINWEIJISHIYUANYIJINDAOJIBAIYUANYIJIN，DANDAOLEXIAOSHOUQU，CHAYEDEJIAGEJIUYAOSHENYIBIAN，SHUQIANSHANGWANDEBIAOJIACHENGWEIPINGCHANG，GENGYOUDECHABINGYIKUAIJIAGESHANGQIANWANYUAN。RANER，PUERCHADEZHILIANGRENZHENG、ZHILIANGJIANBIEMEIYOUTONGYIBIAOZHUN，JIAGEBUMENDUIPUERCHADEDINGJIAYEWUBIAOZHUN。YINCIYIXIESHANGJIALIYONGSHIMINBUDONGPUERCHADEXIANZHUANG，MANGMUDINGJIADEXIANXIANGYESHIYOUFASHENG。

　　LISHIZONGSHIJINGRENDEXIANGSI。BIANDESHIYANYUAN，BUBIANDESHIJUQING。ZAIZHEIMUZHENGZAIREYINGDEFEIZAOJUZHONG，WOMENHAIKEYIQINGXIDIKANDAO“JUNZILANRE”、“LUHUIRE”、“LANCAORE”DEYINGZI。FANGFOMEIGEYIDUANSHIJIAN，SHIDAIZONGHUIDIUCHUYIGE“PANDUOLADEMOHE”，LAIYANZHENGYIXIADAZHONGDELIZHIYUQINGGAN。ZHIKEXI，SHENGLIDETIANPINGMEIMEIHUIXIANGDIYUBUZHUYOUHUODEPANDUOLAQINGXIE，LIUJIWOMENDEGENGDUOSHIPAOMOXIAOTUIHOUDEHUIHENZIZEYUZONGJIEPOUXI。

　　ZHIBUGUOPUERCHAGANGYILIANGXIANG，JIUBOLEGE“MANTANGCAI”。SHUOBAILE，QIHEXINGAINIANQISHIZHIYOUYITIAO——PUERCHAKEYISHENGZHI。YUSHIWEIRAOZHEIYIZHUTI，XINGXINGSESEDEJUQINGJIURELUODIYANYIQILAI。YILU“NIUSHI”ZOUXIALAI，PUERCHACHENGLEZHISHENGBUJIANGDE“JIYOUGU”，RENMENDEYUWANGZAI“FENGNIU”DECIJIXIA，YUFADIBIANDEMANGMUQILAI。　

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　　JIUXIANG“PUERCHAYUECHENYUEXIANG”YIYANG，PUERCHADEYAOXIAOYETONGYANGWUFAKAOZHENG，MEIYOUQUANWEIDEKEXUESHUJUZUOYIJU。ZAIYIZHANGSUIMOUPINPAIPUERCHAZENGSONGDEXUANCHUANPINSHANGQINGCHUDIKANDAO：PUERCHAXIAOSHIXINGJIU、HUATAN、QINGSHUSHENGJINDENGXIAOGUOBIJIAOMINGXIAN，XIANDAIRENPUBIANYINGYANGGUOSHENG、YINSHIBIJIAOYOUNI、XUEZHIPIANGAO，GENGXUMEIRIBIYIN。“SHIJIEGEGUOYIXUEZHENGMINGPUERCHASHIYIDAGONGXIAO”，BAOKUOJIANGZHI、JIANFEI、JIANGYA、KANGDONGMAIYINGHUA、KANGSHUAILAO，TONGSHIPUERCHAYOUSHASIAIXIBAO、KANGTUBIAN、FANGAIGONGNENG……KANQILAIPUERCHABUXIANGCHAYE，GENGXIANGLINGDANMIAOYAO。

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　　SI：HUIGUIZIWOHOU：QINGYILUZOUHAO　　

　　CHAJUYOUBAOJIANZUOYONG，YINCHALILAIBEIDANGZUOYANNIANYISHOUDEHAOFANGFA，YOUTISHENXINGNAO、LINIAOQIANGXIN、SHENGJINZHIKE、XIAOSHIXINGJIU、JIANGYAKANGLAOFANGSHUAIDEGONGXIAO，ZHEIBUDANDANSHIPUERCHADUYOU，DANPUERCHADEHUOBAOCHENGDUSHIQITACHABUKEBINIDE。ZHIYUZHEIGEDAXIZUIHOURUHELUOMU，RENMENWUFADEZHI，DANZUIHOUYIDINGHUIGUIYUCHENJIHEHUIFUBENLAIXINGXIANGDESHISHISHIWURENZHIYIDE，SHENZHIHENDUOSHOUZANGZHEYESHENZHIZHEIYIDIAN。

　　MEIYOUNACHUXIJUHUIYONGYUANSHIGAOCHAO，YEMEIYOUNAYICHANGYANCHUHUIYONGYUANBULUOMU。QISHI，YUESHIXUANXIAODEJUCHANGYUEXUYAOSHISHIXIANGQIQINGXINGDEZHONGSHENG。FOUZE，XIEMUZHIHOU，WOMENCHULENEIJU“YANXIDESHIFENGZI，KANXIDESHISHAZI”DEXIXU，SHENGXIADEJIUSHIBUDUANPINPINGBEIJUHESHIWANGDEJINGDIANANLI，YOUYOUYIXIERENXIANGWOYIYANGQUXIANGMOXIANGYANGDEQUZONGJIEHEDIANPINGLE。

　　FANHUAXIEHOU，FUHUATUNJIN，PUERCHAQINGBOHECHU？DUIYUDUXINYIDINGSHENGZHIDE，YONGYOUJIANJUERUTIEYIZHIDENEIXIEQINGNANGTOUZIDE“RENRENZHISHI”，WOMENHAISHIZHUTAMENYILUZOUHAOZHIYUHAISHIJITAMENYIJUZHONGGAOBA：TIESHAOHONGLEQIANWANBIEMO，YINWEINEIWANYITANGSHOU!　

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